Compare Dickens’ presentation of Scrooge in Stave I and...

Compare Dickens’ presentation of Scrooge in Stave I and Stave V Scrooge’s presentation in Stave I and in Stave V is very different. In Stave I Dickens presents Scrooge, as a cold-hearted old man who loves himself and hates Christmas. In contrast, his nephew Fred enjoys Christmas with his wife, and is so nice to Scrooge all the time whereas Scrooge is always mean to Fred, (â€Å"Bah, Humbug†). Dickens uses the weather to describe how cold it gets when Scrooge is near; the point that he is trying to make is that he is so mean that his meanness has infected the atmosphere. It tells us that Scrooge is only worried about himself and his money. After Scrooge talking and hanging around with ghosts he goes back to bed and wakes up to†¦show more content†¦In contrast, his nephew feels Christmas is a kind, forgiving, charitable, pleasant time† but Scrooge replies back and says, â€Å"I’ll keep Christmas in my own way, and you keep it your way†. Scrooge often refers to himself (â€Å"I†, â€Å"my†) and so appears mean. Dickens uses the weather to describe Scrooge as a cold-hearted miser: â€Å"a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scrapping, clutching, covetous old sinner!† The listing of emotive adjectives creates a negative impression of Scrooge that is reinforced by a range of negative similes (â€Å"as hard and sharp as flint†, â€Å"as solitary as an oyster†) and in particular Dickens’ use of the weather.† Also in Stave I, he cares nothing for the people around him and mankind exists only for the money that can be made through exploitation and intimidation. In Stave V, Dickens presents Scrooge differently and now shows a changed and positive man. If Scrooge had never met the three ghosts then he would never have changed his old bad habits. In this Stave he says â€Å"Merry Christmas† but in Stave I he says (â€Å"Bah Humbug†). His positive words show he has changed. Direct speech, exclamation marks and repetition of Jacob’s name are used in the beginning of Stave V to show Scrooge’s positive energy: â€Å"The Spirits of All Three shall strive within me. Oh Jacob Marley! Heaven, and the Christmas Time are praised for this! I say it on my knees, old Jacob, on my knees!† A

ecological model of health - 1211 Words

Applying the IOM’s (Institute of Medicine) Ecological Model of Health Abstract This paper discusses how IOM’s ecological model can be used to stop the AIDs pandemic which is a health issue globally. This is because the number of people infected with the disease has increased over the years, since the first case was reported. Statistics show that over 34 million people are infected globally. The disease has been declared a pandemic due to the effects it has caused globally. Therefore, urgency is needed to stop its spread by reducing the rate of infection. Applying the IOM’s (Institute of Medicine) Ecological Model of Health Introduction and Background Information on the Aids Pandemic Ever since the first case of AIDs†¦show more content†¦This deal with addressing the community, family and social networks that people are part of. Nurses should in this case analyze the different social environments that people live in so as to successfully address the AIDs pandemic. This is mainly due to the fact that people may tend to form their attitudes towards the disease depending on their social network. Nurses should form groups, and educate the people as a community, about the effects of the disease on both the community and family, an undertaking which will raise awareness among the community members. This is likely to help the community to be cautious and responsible for their actions, as well as prevent the promotion of any negative values that may increase chances of people in the society acquiring the disease (Levine What Works Working Group, 2007). Additionally, nursing should address the issue of stigma that family and social networks have towards the AIDs pandemic and those suffering from it, and which hinder people from seeking help and knowing their status (Qubuda Mphumela, 2009). Physical environment, which comprises of living and working conditions, is another component that nursing can apply in stopping the AIDs pandemic. Living and working conditions greatly influence what a person thinks and acts from what they observe happening around them. The issue of unsafe living conditions increases risk factors whichShow MoreRelatedThe Ecological Model Of Health1154 Words   |  5 PagesThe Ecological Model of Health, sometimes also called The Social-Ecological Model, is one of the main models and theories that underpin the practice of health promotion. 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Specifically, in critical health studies we are able take different models and theories and apply them to real situations to better understand the nuances behind them. In case studies, critical reflections are a necessary tool. Critically reflecting on an issue or topic allows for the heart of the issue to be viewed from a different lens, integrating different models and theories from those originally shown. With this in mind, the intent of thisRead MoreThe Macrosystem: From Child to Adult Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pagesexamining society, culture, and ecological system. Mental health and community counselors should keep in mind the complex, reciprocal interactions that characterize personal behavior in situations. Macrosystem: Describes the culture in w hich individuals live. Cultural contexts include developing and industrialized countries, socioeconomic status, poverty, and ethnicity. 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Silic Case Free Essays

Accy 510 Silic Case Homework Assignment Name: Yue (Josie) Deng Date: June 11, 2012 #1 On 01/01/2003, Silic should record the one-off, fair-value revaluation as result of its adoption of SIIC tax regime. Because the building was appraised at â‚ ¬12,500 and originally bought at â‚ ¬10,000, the firm needs to make a journal entry to account for this increase in value 01/01/2003 Buildings Landâ‚ ¬2,500 Revaluation Surplusâ‚ ¬2,500 * Land Building = â‚ ¬12,500 – â‚ ¬10,000 = â‚ ¬2,500 * As we learned in class from reading Silic’s financial statements, 82. % of the unrealized gains from revaluation will flow to the Revaluation Surplus account and 17. We will write a custom essay sample on Silic Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1% will flow to the Other Creditors account. * â‚ ¬2,500 * 82. 9% = â‚ ¬2,072 * â‚ ¬2,500 * 17. 1% = â‚ ¬428 * However, in this particular case, we combine the two accounts for simplicity purposes. On 12/31/2003, Silic need to record a depreciation expense on the building. 12/31/2003 Charge to Depreciationâ‚ ¬500 Depreciation Provisions â‚ ¬500 Revaluation Surplus â‚ ¬100 Consolidated Reservesâ‚ ¬100 * As given in the question, the depreciation expense is â‚ ¬500. Silic depreciates its office and buildings on a straight-line basis. We can deduce the useful life of this particular building is 25 years (â‚ ¬12,500/â‚ ¬500 = 25 years). * The company also needs to amortize the revaluation surplus it originally recorded in response to the fair value revaluation based on the useful life of the building. â‚ ¬2,500/25 years = â‚ ¬100. The amortized amount moved to consolidated reserves (retained earnings). On 01/01/2004, Silic sold the building at â‚ ¬12,000 in cash. 01/01/2004 Cash â‚ ¬12,000 Depreciation Provisions â‚ ¬2,900 Building Land â‚ ¬12,500 Gains on Disposal â‚ ¬2,400 Revaluation Surplusâ‚ ¬2,400 Consolidated Reserves â‚ ¬2,400 * The firm received â‚ ¬12,000 in cash by disposing the asset. The net value of the building was â‚ ¬9,600 (â‚ ¬12,500 – â‚ ¬2,900 = â‚ ¬9,600). Thus, the firm sold the building at a gain of â‚ ¬2,400. * In addition, the firm needs to clear the revaluation surplus of this building to zero, and move the amount to consolidated reserves. #2 a) On 12/31/2012, Silic demolishes a fully-depreciated building. It needs to make the journal entry: 12/31/2012 Charge to Depreciation Depreciation and Provision Depreciation Provision â‚ ¬64,000 Buildings Landâ‚ ¬64,000 * The firm needs to first record the depreciation expense for the last year of the asset’s useful life. The amount cannot be determined by the given information provided in the question. * We also need to clear this particular building from the balance sheet by debiting Depreciation Provision (contra-asset account) and crediting Building Land. b) No, this would not produce a faithful representation of Silic’s activities for the building. We still need to amortize the revaluation surplus for the last year. It would not be representational faithful if the remaining value of fair-value mark-up still sits in the Revaluation Surplus account, because the gain is already realized through the depreciation of the asset. We need to amortize the remaining surplus to consolidated reserves to show the event. Although this journal entry may not necessarily affect the value of total liabilities and equities, we still need to make sure to record this entry to provide investors with most representational faithful information. #3 01/01/2005 Buildings Landâ‚ ¬93,863 Unrealized Gains on Land and Buildingsâ‚ ¬93,863 The number is calculated by subtracting the historical cost of land and buildings on exhibit 4 from the fair value of these assets on exhibit 4b. * â‚ ¬1,681,493 – (â‚ ¬1,139,063 + â‚ ¬448,567) = â‚ ¬93,863 #4 (a) From my point of view, cost accounting method provides more relevant information to investors. According to FAC No. 8 Objectives of Financial Reporting, â⠂¬Å"relevant financial information is capable of making a difference in the decision made by users†. The two most important characteristics are the information’s predictive value and confirmatory value. As indicated in the case, Silic primarily competes in the French commercial-property market, which 72% (2004 data) of its earnings was derived from rental properties. As a result, its ordinary course of business centers around its leasing activities, and the fair market value of the properties is not a significant indicator of the company’s performance. Thus, the fluctuation in the value of properties should not materially affect investors’ decision making. Since the 1980s, the commercial property market of Paris and its surrounding region had experienced substantial upward and downward movements in the values of properties. If we incorporate the change in the fair market value into the computation of net income, Silic’s bottom line would fluctuate significantly each year. However, the truth is â€Å"the French real estate and property management industry had been growing steadily at an average rate of 2. 8% per year. † The industry and the company have been on a steady growth trend. Investors would not be able capture the real picture of the operating performance of the company if it switched to fair market accounting of properties. Therefore, I support the company’s decision of measuring investment property using the cost model. This election provides more relevant information to investors with regards to the company’s operating performance. (b) I think historical cost accounting would present Silic in the most favorable light over time. As I discussed in part (a), the adoption of IAS no. 40 would require Silic to mark its investment properties to fair value during each reporting period, and report the gains and losses on its income statement. As indicated in the case, French real estate market had experienced substantial upward and downward movements in the value of properties. Thus, a probable outcome of fair value accounting would be a significant fluctuation in the firm’s bottom line during each reporting period. Fluctuations in net income signals great risk of the financial performance of an entity. A normal risk averse investors would not invest in an company that poses significant risk. Therefore, I believe historical cost accounting would present Silic in the most favorable light over time. How to cite Silic Case, Essay examples

Disposal and Prevention Mechanism †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Disposal and Prevention Mechanism. Answer: Introduction: Hand hygiene is a personal hygiene practice which is aimed at reducing the infectious agents transmission risks through contact. These infectious agents can contaminate hands through contact with patients surroundings, other healthcare workers, the environment and the patient. In practice, hand hygiene should be practiced after every episode of contact with the patient and any other activity that can result into contamination of the hands including removal of gloves[1]. Therefore, regular hand hygiene should be conducted before a procedure, before touching a patient, after touching a patient and their surroundings and after risk of exposure of a body substance/ a procedure. In addition to that, hand hygiene should be practiced before starting or leaving work, handling or eating any foods or drinks and using computer keyboards in clinical areas. It should also be done after visiting the toilet, removing gloves, touching the mouth or nose, using computer keyboard especially in a clinic al area, hands becoming soiled (visible), being in patient care during infection outbreaks and handling waste/laundry/equipment. It is also important familiarize oneself with hand hygiene procedures provided in the particular organization and use the hand care products that they provide for different situations and as directed[2]. Hand hygiene can be done using hand rubs which are alcohol-based since they are more effective against a greater part of ordinary infectious agents as compared to water with antiseptic soap. Attending education sessions on hand hygiene can also help in refreshing skill and knowledge on hand hygiene. One page 22 of the guidelines is a table describing the transmission-based precautions. Chose one of the precautions then go to the section of the guide relating to that precaution. Summarize in your own how you would apply those precautions in a healthcare environment. Transmission based precautions are put in place with standard precautions. They reduce further transmissions of particular pathogens arising from specific transmission route opportunities. Environmental cleaning which involves physical cleaning of the surfaces known or suspected to contain infectious agents is done by use of detergents to avoid their transmission. Then a TGA (registered hospital grade disinfectant) is used e.g. 2-in-1 clean or 2-step clean to disinfect the surfaces where applicable[3]. Surfaces are classified into; those with frequent contact (high risk surfaces) and those with minimal hand contact (low risk surfaces). The frequently touched surfaces should be cleaned more frequently than those which are not frequently touched. When MROs are known or suspected to be existing, the surfaces are intensively cleaned and a disinfectant is used on the surfaces. After cleaning with water, its important to also allow the surfaces to dry. A detergent solution can be used for general surface cleaning (walls, blinds and floors) and administrative offices since they are not part of patient care areas. Window curtains should be frequently cleaned and changed. On the other hand frequently touched surfaces and those close to patients e.g. light switches, over bed tables, doorknobs, bedrails and walls around patient room toilets should be frequently cleaned with detergents respective to the nature of the surface[4]. Describe how you would respond to this risk. Specifically, state what potential risk this case example could cause and how you would respond? (Hint: use the guidelines for use of PPE and cleaning) First, i will lock out the area around the spillage so that people might not step on it and drag it to a wider area or get cut by the sharps and get infected. Then i will get the spill kit which contains a scoop, single use gloves, surgical mask, absorbent agent, detergent, clinical waste bags, ties, eye protection and scraper[5]. I will wear the gloves and other PPE and scoop the spills putting them into a new bag. I will clean the area with detergent and disinfectant chemical e.g. sodium hypochlorite based on the risk of infectious agents transmission. Then discard the cleaning materials in waste a container. In addition, I will wait for the area to dry before letting people use it. Other workers can be at risk of slipping on the floor and getting cut by the sharps in the spill and getting infected. They can also increase the contaminated areas if they accidentally come into contact with the spills and walk/ contact different/ new surfaces patients and other medical stuff. The stuff can be informed by word of mouth and by sealing the area and labeling it contaminated they will be able to know and keep off[6]. Describe briefly the key points in cleaning the healthcare work environment. In your answer please describe: It is worn when there is a risk of transmission of infectious agents to reduce the risk. Different PPE are used for different risks. They include gowns, gloves, mask and protective face shield. Normal detergent is used for everyday cleaning of surfaces, walls and curtains which do not have/are not considered being at a high risk of infection. However, the choice of the detergent also depends on the surface to be cleaned. Sterilization prevents disease transmission by killing microorganisms on the surfaces of device or instruments[7]. Heat resistant items are reprocessed by steam sterilization because of its safety margin, validity, lethality and reliability while those that are moisture and heat sensitive use sterilization technology of low temperature e.g. hydrogen peroxide plasma, aldehyde, ethylene oxide and peracetic acid. Reprocessing data is recorded for reference. However, to accommodate emerging technologies and changes in equipment design, reprocessing standards should evolve. Storage should be done in a way that maintains equipments reprocessing level (i.e. high disinfected level, sterile)[8]. Therefore, sterile, dry packaged equipments and instruments should be kept in a dry, clean environment and protected from objects that may damage the packaging e.g. sharp objects. Instrument surfaces and equipment should be examined regularly for breaks which might impair cleaning or sterilization. Those that are not in the right working conditions are repaired or discarded. PPE is required when there is a risk of transmission of infectious agents. They should be changed depending on the Particular PPE e.g. gloves need to be changed after a single activity since they can be torn and increase the risk of infection. They should also be handled according to the recommended guidelines to avoid infecting the person using them when they remove them. This is vital so as to ensure waste is transported, stored and ultimately disposed off in a manner that complies with regulations of clinical waste disposal. For instance the following color codes are used: back (mixed municipal waste), yellow and black (offensive), blue (medical), Orange (clinical/infectious), yellow (highly infectious), red (anatomical) and purple (cytotoxic)[9]. Healthcare waste should be stored inside the healthcare facility or research center. Waste in containers or bags should be stored in a separate room, building or area appropriate to the frequency and quantities of wastes produced and their collection[10]. The storage should be protected from the sun, inaccessible to unauthorized persons, availability of cleaning water, accessible to waste collection vehicles, inaccessible to animals, birds and insects, should have a hard standing floor that has a good drainage, impermeable, easy to disinfect and clean, not near to food store or preparation areas, should have cleaning equipment, waste bags and protective clothing, good lighting and passive ventilation. Clinical waste is segregated correctly, stored and transported to the appropriate facilities for its safe disposal to avoid risk to the environment and humans. What is the purpose of a clean zone and what should be maintained within this area? This are specifically designated places/areas for non-contaminated items. These items include those that are sterile and disinfected. They include: material and equipment storage areas, administration and medical record areas, medical preparation areas-dressing/materials/equipment/medicines etc. What is the purpose of a contaminated zone in the healthcare environment and what should be confined to this space? Contaminated areas include areas that have become contaminated during medical procedures and those for processing dirty equipments[11]. They may be marked by signs like, no gloved hands past this point so as personnel can remove contaminated gloves before leaving. These zones include cleaners room, dirty linen sorting areas, dirty utility rooms, and disposal rooms. Bibliography Balaras, C.A., Dascalaki, E. and Gaglia, A., 2007. HVAC and indoor thermal conditions in hospital operating rooms. Energy and Buildings, 39(4), pp.454-470. Erasmus, V., Daha, T.J., Brug, H., Richardus, J.H., Behrendt, M.D., Vos, M.C. and van Beeck, E.F., 2010. Systematic review of studies on compliance with hand hygiene guidelines in hospital care. Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology, 31(03), pp.283-294. Dorsch, J.A., 2012. Understanding anesthesia equipment. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Falagas, M.E., Thomaidis, P.C., Kotsantis, I.K., Sgouros, K., Samonis, G. and Karageorgopoulos, D.E., 2011. Airborne hydrogen peroxide for disinfection of the hospital environment and infection control: a systematic review. Journal of Hospital Infection, 78(3), pp.171-177. Ferreira, V. and Teixeira, M.R., 2010. Healthcare waste management practices and risk perceptions: findings from hospitals in the Algarve region, Portugal. Waste management, 30(12), pp.2657-2663. Harding, A.D., Almquist, L.J. and Hashemi, S., 2011. The use and need for standard precautions and transmission-based precautions in the emergency department. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 37(4), p.367. Harte, J.A., 2010. Standard and transmission-based precautions: an update for dentistry. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 141(5), pp.572-581. Ho, C.C. and Liao, C.J., 2011. The use of failure mode and effects analysis to construct an effective disposal and prevention mechanism for infectious hospital waste. Waste Management, 31(12), pp.2631-2637. Hossain, M.S., Santhanam, A., Norulaini, N.N. and Omar, A.M., 2011. Clinical solid waste management practices and its impact on human health and environmentA review. Waste management, 31(4), pp.754-766. Lovegrove, J., 2012. Hand hygiene and infection control. Nursing OSCEs: A Complete Guide to Exam Success, p.53. Rana, T., Bera, A.K., Das, S., Bhattacharya, D., Bandyopadhyay, S., Pan, D. and Das, S.K., 2010. Effect of chronic intake of arsenic-contaminated water on blood oxidative stress indices in cattle in an arsenic-affected zone. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 73(6), pp.1327-1332. Tsakona, M., Anagnostopoulou, E. and Gidarakos, E., 2007. Hospital waste management and toxicity evaluation: a case study. Waste management, 27(7), pp.912-920.